# TJPG Art. 4 — BO definition: 25% of capital or votes, or other control - **Rubric (DE):** Allgemeine Definition - **Rubric (EN):** BO definition: 25% of capital or votes, direct/indirect, alone or in concert, or control by other means; subsidiary fallback to most senior managing officer - **Status:** In force ## Description Defines the beneficial owner as the natural person ultimately controlling the company via at least 25% of capital or votes or by other means, with the senior managing officer as fallback. ## Serves AMLR - [[AMLR Art. 2 - Definitions|AMLR Art. 2]] — Definitions - [[AMLR Art. 51 - Identify BO of legal entities|AMLR Art. 51]] — Identify BO of legal entities - [[AMLR Art. 52 - BO through ownership interest|AMLR Art. 52]] — BO through ownership interest - [[AMLR Art. 53 - BO through control|AMLR Art. 53]] — BO through control - [[AMLR Art. 54 - Coexistence of ownership and control|AMLR Art. 54]] — Coexistence of ownership and control ## FATF - [[FATF R.24 - Transparency and beneficial ownership of legal persons|FATF R.24 — Transparency and beneficial ownership of legal persons]] — TJPG Art. 4 defines the beneficial owner of a company: the natural person with ultimate control through at least 25% of capital or votes or by other means. *(direct)* ## Authoritative text > [!quote]- TJPG Art. 4 — German original (BBl 2025 2900; in force since 1 October 2026) > **Art. 4 Allgemeine Definition** > 1 Als wirtschaftlich berechtigte Person einer Gesellschaft gilt jede natürliche Person, welche eine Gesellschaft letztendlich dadurch kontrolliert, dass sie direkt oder indirekt, allein oder in gemeinsamer Absprache mit Dritten, mit mindestens 25 Prozent des Kapitals oder der Stimmen an dieser beteiligt ist, oder diese auf andere Weise kontrolliert. > 2 Wenn keine Person die Kriterien von Absatz 1 erfüllt, gilt subsidiär das oberste Mitglied des leitenden Organs als wirtschaftlich berechtigte Person.